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Short for facsimile machine, a device that can send or receive pictures and text over a telephone line. Fax machines work by digitizing an image — dividing it into a grid of dots. Each dot is either on or off, depending on whether it is black or white. Electronically, each dot is represented by a bit that has a value of either 0 (off) or 1 (on). In this way, the fax machine translates a picture into a series of zeros and ones (called a bit map) that can be transmitted like normal computer data. On the receiving side, a fax machine reads the incoming data, translates the zeros and ones back into dots, and reprints the picture. A fax machine consists of an optical scanner for digitizing images on paper, a printer for printing incoming fax messages, and a telephone for making the connection. The optical scanner generally does not offer the same quality of resolution as stand-alone scanners. Some printers on fax machines are thermal,which means they require a special kind of paper. Some of the features that differentiate one fax machine from another include the following: Speed, Paper Size, Printer Type, Paper cutter, Paper Feed, Auto Dialing.