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Ans.
Earth’s atmospheric pressure varies with altitude. At the Earth’s surface(sea level) , It is measured at 14.7 pounds per square inch(P.S.I) – which human beings are accustomed to because it provides the optimum amount of Oxygen.
As Aeroplane ascends to higher altitudes, the atmospheric pressure decreases. There isn’t oxygen to breathe and humans cannot survive more than a minute at such altitudes.In order to prevent this from happening , Cabin Pressure is maintained at appropriate levels. To maintain the pressure in the cabin equal to that at low altitude, even while the airplane is at 30,000 feet, the incoming air is held within the cabin by opening and closing an outflow valve, which releases the incoming air at a rate regulated by pressure sensors. Think of a pressurized cabin as a balloon that has a leak but is being inflated continuously.